
Instrumentation (primary devices)
• Assistance with verification and calibration of primary devices.
• Advances in electronic technology and use of microcomputers has enabled many transmitters to become “smart” and more accurate. Additionally, this enhancement alon with advances in communication technology allows the transmitters to do the data
conversion and to pass the data on to the flow computer in digital form. These enhancements in technology are changing how transmitters are verified and calibrated as well as what test equipment needs to be used in the process.
• Proper location, wiring, termination, and calibration of primary devices such as resistive temperature devices (RTDs), static pressure transducers, and differential pressure transducers are critical to accurate custody transfer calculations. This is especially true for temperature measurement associated with linear meters (turbine, ultrasonic, and PD meters).
• Test equipment is also becoming “smarter” and more sophisticated due to the need for being at least twice as accurate as the transducer being verified and calibrated. This raises new challenges for the measurement technician in the field in ensuring proper and documented verification and calibration of transmitters is being done. • Specific criteria for transducer calibrations are contained in American Petroleum Institute (API) Chapter 21 Section 21 on electronic flow measurement. API 21.1 is in the process of being rewritten to accommodate some of the advances seen in the transmitters, test equipment and data communications.
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